Advance in metal–organic frameworks hybrids-based biosensors

Developing novel porous materials as sensitive elements is a key in the progress of biosensors. The realization of MOFs hybrids provides a platform to strength porous MOFs in the biosensor's realm. A variety of MOFs hybrids has been proposed to enhance the selectivity, stability, conductivity, catalytic activity, and optical response of MOFs. Therefore, MOFs hybrids are desirable candidates for biosensors compared with MOFs. Different from previous reviews that emphasized the sensing methods and applications that can't reflect the important of composition, this paper presents in the arrangement of types of hybrids to highlight the components, providing significant advances in the construction of diverse MOFs hybrids in the last five years. Specifically, the progress in the class of hybrids including MOFs/biomolecules, MOFs/enzyme, MOFs/nanomaterials, and MOFs derived composites is presented logically. For these hybrids-based biosensors, a variety of objects detection are reviewed in-depth. Finally, the challenges in stability, enzyme immobilization, conductivity, biosafety, repeatability, and scale-up manufacturing of these hybrids are systematically discussed.