A review on three-dimensional stitched composites and their research perspectives

Three-dimensional (3D) stitching technology is an effective and advanced textile method to improve the interlaminar performance of the composites, allowing their widespread application prospect in aerospace, military, civil and other fields. In recent years, various aspects of stitched composites have been updated continuously. However, there is still a lack of information about stitch methods and relevant equipment as well as the failure mechanisms in stitched composites. Therefore, the aim of this review is to systematically introduce stitched composites from the aspects of stitching methods and machines, parameters and mechanical performance of stitched composites. Furthermore, the issues impeding the large-scale application of 3D stitched composites are summarized and the new insights into their potential use are offered as well.