A refined lamb wave reciprocity-based method with enhanced sensitivity for damage detection in composite laminates

The Lamb wave reciprocity-based method is an effective candidate for the health monitoring of composite plates. However, if the damage is located symmetrically between the transmitter–receiver pair, the reciprocity still holds true and the method misjudges its presence. In the present work, a new method for computing the reciprocity index (RI) from Lamb wave signals with extended data length is proposed. This method exploits extra indirect waves that bounce one or more times between the damage and other reflectors. These waves probe the damage through different paths and from different directions. Thus, the damage missed by the direct wave may be exposed by the indirect waves. Benefiting from that, two modified RIs are defined and their performance is validated by two experimental examples. As expected, both indices demonstrate excellent sensitivity to damage even in the middle of the transmitter–receiver pair and ensure a low threshold for the pristine condition, illustrating an excellent ability to distinguish between health and illness.