A Pseudo Planar Heterojunction Structure for Eco-Friendly Printable Organic Solar Cells Achieving 19.05% Efficiency

Obtaining a well-accurate vertical distribution active layer morphology through the air-printing process is an essential task for achieving efficient scalable large-area organic solar cells (OSCs). In this target, the desired and controllable pseudo planar heterojunction (PPHJ) active layer structure with suitable phase separation is developed by pre-deposited D18-Cl layer under the PM6:BTP-eC9 film via an eco-friendly manufacturing method. The addition of the D18-Cl regulates molecular crystallization and leads to an ideal vertical stratification while simultaneously suppressing voltage loss, optimizing energetic disorder, and carrier management. Impressively, the optimal PPHJ devices perform superior power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.05% (100 nm), 17.33% (300 nm), and 14.14% (4 cm²) compared to the BHJ devices. Importantly, the PPHJ OSCs also exhibit an impressive extrapolated T₈₀ (the time required to reach 80% of initial PCE) of long-time storage and operational stability, as well as thermal stability.