A dragonfly-wing-like energy harvester with enhanced magneto-mechano-electric coupling

Energy harvesting is crucial for sustainable micropower sources, but conventional energy harvesters have limited power-generation capabilities. To address this, we introduce a novel dragonfly-wing-like energy harvester with four wing-like magnetoelectric laminated cantilever beams operating in two intercrossed antisymmetric bending modes. This design enhances magneto-mechano-electric coupling, enabling efficient harvesting of stray magnetic field and weak vibrations. Under a weak alternating current (AC) magnetic field (H_AC = 3 Oe, f = 50 Hz), our portable dragonfly-wing-like energy harvester (DWL-EH) achieves a record-high output power of 25.89 mW_avg and also effectively harvests low-level vibration energy with the highest output power density by far. Remarkably, even under an H_AC of 1 Oe, the DWL-EH generates sufficient power to illuminate hundreds of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Furthermore, the harvested energy powers a multi-sensor Internet of Things system for real-time environmental monitoring. This work highlights the effectiveness of incorporating natural inspirations into piezoelectric and magnetoelectric energy harvesters through bionic movement pattern emulation.