5G-HetNet Energy Efficiency Using KNN-based Sleep Control Approach

The proliferation of dense and heterogeneous networks (HetNets) due to the growing demand for mobile network traffic has a major impact on energy consumption in the telecommunications industry. Base stations (BS), as primary energy consumers, account for approximately 70% of this energy use. This paper introduces a K-nearest neighbors (KNN)-based clustering strategy for managing the sleep control of small base stations (SBSs) in HetNets in an energy-efficient way. The KNN algorithm makes smart sleep/wake decisions by predicting traffic patterns using historical data. This approach effectively balances quality of service (QoS) requirements with energy savings, leading to significant reductions in power consumption. Simulation results demonstrate that this method outperforms existing solutions, making it a promising option for green communication in future wireless networks.