高性能金属增材制造激光锻打印方法与技术

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology enables the integral formation of complex-shaped structures and lightweight topological designs, providing an important technical approach to promote the development of equipment and manufacturing industries. However, AM components manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) currently face some significant challenges, such as large thermal stress, defects, and insufficient fatigue performance. These issues restrict their use in clinical load-bearing and moving parts, representing a globally recognized technical challenge and industry pain point. To address these limitations, our group has developed an innovative method that combines ultrafast laser shock peening and LPBF, referred to as in-situ ultrafast laser micro-forging assisted LPBF. This method uses ultrafast laser-induced shock waves to peen the molten layer in-situ, allowing for layer-by-layer control of stress, microstructure, and defect distribution. This approach significantly enhances the mechanical properties of AM parts, supports unsupported structures, achieves high surface finish AM, and enables the forming of hard-to-form metal materials. This paper introduces the connotation and characteristics of this technology, evaluates its advantages and effectiveness based on preliminary test data from titanium alloys, superalloys, aluminum alloys, and other metal materials, and highlights the fundamental problems that require further research.