镁合金电弧熔丝增材制造技术研究现状与展望

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising additive manufacturing process known for its high deposition efficiency and cost effectiveness, making it well-suited for the large-scale production of complex, lightweight magnesium alloy components. Despite these advantages, magnesium alloys present challenges owing to their low melting and boiling points and high thermal conductivity, which result in nonuniform microstructures, metallurgical defects, and residual stresses in WAAM-manufactured components. These issues notably reduce the reliability and service life of the components, making it difficult to meet the demanding requirements of high-end equipment applications. It presents a critical challenge that must be addressed. This review outlines the advantages and technical challenges of WAAM, providing a comprehensive overview of recent domestic and international research in five key areas: process types, forming quality, metallurgical defects, microstructure characteristics, and overall performance. In addition, the present study summarizes in situ modulation strategies besed on the liquid melt pool and solid interlayer, as well as heat treatment and surface strengthening methods, providing a theoretical framework for improving the quality of large and complex magnesium alloy components. Finally, this review discusses future trends and research directions in WAAM for magnesium alloys, with a focus on composition design, in situ modulation, post-treatment processes, and performance evaluation.