金属增材制造质量控制及复合制造技术研究现状

Compared with conventional manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing is a technique used to produce near-net-shape and complex metal components. However, owing to the high cooling rates, high temperature gradients, non-equilibrium solidification, and multiple transient thermal cycles, defects such as porosities, residual tensile stress, and anisotropy are created during additive manufacturing, significantly restricting further applications. Hybrid additive manufacturing technology, which combines the conventional manufacturing method with additive manufacturing, exploits the conventional manufacturing method in terms of its performance control and dimensional accuracy. Therefore, defects created during metal additive manufacturing are eliminated, and defect-free additive manufactured components with high qualities are produced. With this background, this paper first reveals the formation mechanism of defects in the additive manufacturing process, and we discover that merely using the process parameter optimization method is inadequate to improve mechanical properties. The definition and classification of hybrid additive manufacturing are then discussed. The current research status and technical principles of hybrid manufacturing processes (i.e., rolling, laser shock peening, hot isostatic pressing, and heat treatment) are analyzed. Moreover, the application range of various hybrid additive manufacturing technologies is discussed. Finally, the future development trend of the additive manufacturing process is predicted.