遗址博物馆游客与文物环境调控模式研究

With an aim of resolving the problem of conflicting thermal environmental needs of visitors and relics conservation, we propose a differentiation environmental control strategy that employs a displacement ventilation system for relics preservation area and thermal comfort air-conditioning system for visitors′ area, simultaneously satisfying both the requirements. An experimental hall with environmental control systems was built to simulate the exhibition hall of Emperor Qinshihuang′s mausoleum archaeology museum. The temperature distribution of indoor thermal environmental parameters and relics preservation environment balance characteristics for the test cases with natural ventilation, independent environmental control for visitors′ area, local environmental control for relics preservation area, and differentiation control for visitors and relics preservation area were investigated and compared. Results showed that in the case of natural ventilation, the temperature fluctuation and average relative humidity of the relics preservation area reached up to 3 °C and 90%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average temperature of the visitors′ area reached up to 36. 5 °C, which indicates that the natural ventilation was incapable of satisfying the environmental needs for both the relics preservation area and visitors. A single operation of the thermal comfort air-conditioning system or the displacement ventilation system could only provide a desired environment for the prescribed area. On the contrary, the differentiation control strategy could not only satisfy the requirements of the visitors′ and relics simultaneously but also created an environmental balance between the soil and air environments, where the temperature difference between the two decreased to only 0. 4 °C.