航空发动机健康管理研究进展及展望

Aero-engine is the heart of the aircraft. Its complex structure and poor operating conditions cause frequent failures, and the demand for high reliability is increasing. This not only poses a challenge to flight safety, but also leads to high maintenance costs. Aero-engine fault prediction and health management technology is a key way to improve operational reliability and minimize maintenance requirements. To establish a complete aero-engine health management system, this paper reviews advancements in several key technologies, such as blade tip timing technology, vibration superfast signal processing technology, intelligent detection and health and usage monitoring systems (HUMS). To overcome the limitation of long transmission paths and weak vibration response in traditional rotating blade monitoring, this paper introduces blade tip timing technique for direct blade vibration measurement. In addition, to satisfy the few-probe and low-intervention requirement in aero-engine health monitoring, we propose two efficient blade tip timing methods that rely on only 1 or 2 probes. Considering that the superfast signal from aero-engines have exceeded the limitations of existing diagnostic methods, this paper proposes instantaneous frequency bands and synchronized compression transformation for analyzing these signals. The method’s effectiveness in the diagnosis of intermediate bearings and the tracing of vibration jumps is verified through the whole-engine test data of aero-engines. Aiming at the technical challenges faced by the HUMS system under variable flight conditions, this paper introduces the latest variable decoupling anomaly detection technology for extracting flight state-independent monitoring indicators, and analyzes its effectiveness in the HUMS system through a real flight fault case of the right engine shaft. Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential of emerging technologies such as interpretable artificial intelligence and robot detection. By integrating these advancements, we aim to construct a comprehensive, real-time health monitoring, and fault warning system that enhances flight safety.