肿瘤基因组学与全球肿瘤基因组计划

Cancers arise as a result of mutations occurring in the DNA sequence of cells, and we are now entering an era in which it is feasible to obtain the complete DNA sequence of large cohorts of cancer patients. The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was launched in 2007, and is devoted to the coordination of large-scale cancer genome studies in tumors from 50 different cancer types and/or subtypes, and systematic studies of more than 25000 cancer genomes. Several participant groups have summarized and published their data for various cancers. As active members of the ICGC, Chinese cancer genome investigators have contributed research into 13 tumor types, including cancers of the esophagus, liver, bladder, and kidney. Pan-cancer analysis is currently the most important role of the ICGC because the genetic alterations in thousands of tumors have now been catalogued. The ICGC research network will reveal the repertoire of oncogenic mutations, uncover traces of mutagenic influences, define molecular subtypes for clinical implications, and enable the development of individual therapeutics for human cancers.