考虑海上风能波动的水下压缩空气储能系统能量转化特性

To accurately assess the impact of offshore wind(OW)fluctuations on the performance of the underwater compressed air energy storage(UWCAES)system, an advanced adiabatic UWCAES was employed as the subject of investigation, firstly, a thermodynamic model of OW-UWCAES was established, followed by the introduction of a design methodology for key operational parameters, and finally the energy conversion characteristics of the UWCAES system were analyzed under rated and variable working conditions in this paper. The results show that: As the ratio of thermal oil to air mass flow rate(κo,a)increased, the heat losses in the underwater gas pipeline and cold oil tank exhibited opposite trends. An optimal κo,a existed that minimized the system's heat loss, corresponding to the highest round-trip efficiency(ηrt). The optimal κo,a under the study's design conditions is 1.41, resulting in an ηrt of 60.3%. Under the design condition, thermal storage and heat exchange units exhibited the highest exergy losses, accounting for 36.6% of the total exergy losses. For stable wind speeds, deviations from the design wind speed decreased the efficiency of the compressor and expander, leading to a reduction in ηrt. For disturbing wind speeds, as the maximum value of the disturbing wind component(vd,max)increased, its impact on average power generation transitioned through a rapidly increasing region, an increasing deceleration region, and a decreasing region due to limitations from the rate wind speed and cut-out speed. In all three regions, the ηrt is lower than the design value under rated stable conditions. This study can provide a theoretical guidance for the integrated application of underwater compressed air energy storage and offshore wind power.