硫醇介导细胞摄取机制与应用研究进展

Cellular uptake is one of the main pathways through which various bioactive substances enter cells in living organisms. Thiol mediated cellular uptake involves dynamic covalent exchange between thiol compounds and intracellular thiol disulfide bonds, followed by delivery through fusion, endocytosis, or direct transmembrane transport, which has advantages in improving therapeutic efficacy and the efficiency of biologically active substances. Herein, the interaction mechanisms between molecular structures and thiol groups were reviewed, including disulfides with different cyclic tensions, polydisulfide, cyclic oligochalcogenides, diselenides, dynamic sulfide bonds, and Michael acceptors. The delivery of substances such as quantum dots, nucleic acids, proteins, nanoparticles, drugs, and liposomes within cells through this pathway, as well as the inhibition of cellular uptake of compounds entering through this pathway by blocking intracellular thiol groups was summarized. In addition, the application of thiol mediated uptake in plants and microorganisms was introduced. Finally, the future development trends of thiol mediated uptake were discussed.