灾害应急通信场景下无人机基站位置部署与路径规划

[Background] Sudden natural disasters not only damage the communication infrastructure, but they also severely impede the transmission of information, reducing emergency commands, dispatch, and rescue efficiency. Owing to their rapid deployment and flexible coverage capabilities, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) base stations have become important solutions for post-disaster emergency communication. [Objective] Under the constraints of the available number and duration of UAV base stations, a collaborative optimization of hovering location deployment and path planning is addressed to reduce the total completion time of emergency communication tasks. [Methods] Considering the communication coverage capability and energy constraints of UAVs, a joint optimization model for deployment and path planning was proposed, and a solution algorithm based on adaptive large neighborhood search was developed. [Results] The proposed joint optimization strategy for UAV base station location deployment and path planning significantly reduced the communication task completion time, outperforming methods that optimize deployment or routing separately. It performed outstandingly well in multi-UAV collaborative scheduling, balanced communication coverage, and energy-consumption control. [Application] This study provides a theoretical foundation and algorithmic support for UAV base station scheduling in disaster emergency communication scenarios with potential applications in intelligent transportation control, remote target coverage, and low-altitude network deployment.