新能源车用 CO₂ 空调系统泄漏特性仿真研究

As a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly natural working fluid, CO₂ is the primary choice for future automotive air conditioners. To consider the comfort and safety problem of an excessive CO₂ volumetric concentration in the passenger cabin caused by refrigerant leakage, the 3D simulation software STAR-CCM + was used to build a CO₂ refrigerant leakage model in the passenger compartment. Simulations and analyses of the dynamic changes in CO₂ volumetric fraction in the passenger compartment facial measurement points for two different leakage rates and leakage orifice diameters were performed. At a high CO₂ leakage rate of 50 g/ s, the CO₂ volumetric fraction on the face can reach more than 9% when the leakage is completed. The air supply mode must be switched to provide fresh air and reduce the CO₂ volumetric fraction in the passenger cabin. At a low CO₂ leakage rate of 0. 1 g/ s, the facial CO₂ volumetric fraction does not exceed 3%, which is safe for breathing, when the leakage is completed.