平准化成本的加氢站供氢路径分析比较研究

In order to ensure the hydrogen supply of hydrogen refueling stations and lower the terminal price of hydrogen, the economic feasibility and application scenarios of different hydrogen supply paths of hydrogen refueling stations are explored. To study the economic feasibility of different hydrogen supply paths, the levelized cost of hydrogen is adopted to establish cost and price models for several typical hydrogen refueling stations with hydrogen supplied externally or hydrogen produced within the stations. The sensitivity analysis of key factors such as raw material cost of hydrogen production, hydrogen transportation distance and energy consumption are car- ricd out to explore the pricing mechanism of hydrogen supplied from different sources and in different modes. In addition, a life cycle model was established to analyze the impact of carbon tax possibly imposed in the future on the terminal price of hydrogen consumption. The results show that the transportation distance and carrying capacity of single vehicle are the factors having major impact on the cost of hydrogen refueling stations with external hydrogen supply, and such influences are more significant if carbon tax is taken into consideration. The costs of self-produced hydrogen for hydrogen refueling station are mainly under the influence of raw material price and the energy used for hydrogen production. The economical distance for organic liquid hydrogen storage and transportation is 220 - 1 700 km, which is able to cover most scenarios of large-scale hydrogen transportation in China. Natural gas reforming in station has obvious advantages when the supply of natural gas is sufficient and the price is lower than RMB 4/m³. The combination of in-station water electrolysis and renewable power generation show economic and environmental advantages, and the hydrogen price can be maintained below RMB 35/kg. The study points out the future development direction of different hydrogen supply modes in China, and provides a reliable economic evaluation method for selection of hydrogen supply path. Hopefully the study can serve as reference for the construction of hydrogen refueling stations and policy making for regional hydrogen energy development.