孕期妇女膳食指南依从性指数与子代先天性心脏病的关系

Objective To study the relationship between the Chinese dietary guidelines compliance index for pregnant women (CDGCI_PW) and congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. Methods In a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires were used to investigate the diets of pregnant women throughout pregnancy. The modified CDGCI_PW score was used to evaluate dietary quality during pregnancy, logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationship between CDGCI_PW score and offspring CHD, and the ROC curve was adopted to construct the prediction model of CDGCI_PW for offspring CHD. Results A total of 1 422 subjects were enrolled, including 474 in the case group and 948 in the control group. The CDGCI_PW score in the case group M (Q₁, Q₃) was 46.0 (26.0, 65.0) lower than that in the control group, which was 60.0 (40.0, 77.0). The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.001). Compared with those in the Q₁ of CDGCI_PW, the offspring in the Q₂, Q₃ and Q₄ of CDGCI_PW had a lower risk of total CHD (OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.43-0.83; OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.45-0.89; OR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.19-0.44), with the trend test P<0.001. The risk of total CHD was reduced by 17% (OR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.79-0.88) when 10 points increased the CDGCI_PW score. The area under curve predicted by constructing the ROC curve was 0.793 (95%CI: 0.768-0.818), and at the maximum of the Youden index, the sensitivity was 0.740, and the specificity was 0.725. Conclusion This study suggests that improving dietary quality during pregnancy may reduce the risk of CHD in offspring.