基于CRISPR-Cas系统的结核分枝杆菌检测研究进展

Tuberculosis (TR). caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTR). poses a severe threat to global public health security. However, traditional MTR detection methods, such as smear microscopy and bacterial culture, suffer from insufficient sensitivity, prolonged turnaround times, and delayed drug resistance detection, which have constrained the achievement of the World Health Organization (WHO) 's "End TB" strategy. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology, characterized by high specificity and rapidity, offers transformative potential for MTR testing. This review systematically outlines the latest research progress of CRISPR in MTB point-of-care testing, drug resistance gene detection, and multi-target combined testing. It highlights key challenges in current research, including complex sample pretreatment. poor reagent stability, and inadequate adaptability to primary healthcare settings. Future efforts should focus on simplifying and integrating sample pretreatment and optimizing reagent lyophilization techniques, aiming to provide references for the clinical translation of CRISPR based MTR detection and the precise prevention and control of TR.