基于异步共识区块链的企业与个人碳核算方法与智能合约设计

The increasingly prominent issue of carbon emission has drawn global attention, leading to crucial need for effective carbon emission accounting means to promise fairness among various entities in carbon emission rights and trading markets. However, existing accounting methods have certain limitations when delineating accounting scopes, including lack of emission reduction measurement, and being confined to corporate entities. For the latter, the existing carbon accounting method lacks consideration for individual entities who preform and reduce carbon emissions. These problems result in an incomplete and unfair implementation of existing carbon accounting method. To address these challenges, this paper proposes carbon emission accounting methods tailored to different types of entities. For enterprises, a carbon emission accounting method is developed that incorporates measurement of reduction in carbon emission. For individuals, a multidimensional accounting method for is constructed. Furthermore, with the aim of achieving an efficient accounting process involving accounting party, audited party, and managing party in carbon accounting, a lightweight blockchain structure suitable for carbon accounting is established. Simultaneously, an asynchronous consensus mechanism based on signatures of various entities is constructed to ensure the reliability of results. On the foundation of this blockchain structure, smart contracts for computation and depositary are established to facilitate the whole process of carbon accounting. Multiple sets of examples tailored to different types of entities are designed to effectively validate the reliability and efficiency of the proposed carbon accounting methods.