吸附去除水体重金属离子的影响因素研究进展

To deeply reveal the influencing factors in the process of removing heavy metal ions by adsorption, the effects of temperature, pH value, adsorbent dosage, coexisting ions and coexisting organic compounds on adsorption process are systematically described. These effects are related to the properties of adsorbent and target metal ions and the adsorption mechanism involved in the adsorption process. Clarifying the law of the influence in the process of removing heavy metal ions by adsorption from water and the mechanism of this influence benefits determining the adsorption mechanism, and evaluating the practical application performance of the adsorbent. The selection of adsorbent is the premise to explore the other influencing factors. The physical properties affect the number of exposed active adsorption sites and the mass transfer and diffusion process of adsorbate; the chemical properties not only affect the adsorption capacity and adsorption equilibrium time, but also determine the adsorption selectivity of adsorbent; the effect of temperature is related to the thermodynamic properties of adsorption; the pH value facilitates changing the chemical state of the active site of the adsorbent and the occurrence form of heavy metal ions in water; different initial metal ion concentrations in solution provide different driving forces; more adsorbents provide more adsorption sites, but too much adsorbent may lead to an agglomeration to affect the adsorption effect; the influence of coexisting ions in the adsorption process is related to the type and concentration of background ions. The effects of various factors on the adsorption process of heavy metal ions in water and the mechanism of these effects are summarized so as to provide a theoretical basis for the removal of heavy metal ions by adsorption from water and water purification.