低压直流开断技术研究综述

The rapid development of application scenarios, such as photovoltaic power generation, DC buildings and factories, and data centers, has continuously driven the increase in the rated voltage and short circuit capacity of low-voltage DC systems. Traditional low-voltage DC interruption technologies are facing significant challenges, making it imperative to develop new high-performance low-voltage DC circuit breakers. According to the different interruption principles, low-voltage DC circuit breakers are classified into three types, namely, mechanical type, solid state and hybrid. This paper reviews their latest research progress, with a focus on discussing the advantages and disadvantages, key performance parameters and existing challenges of each technology. To meet diverse application requirements, traditional low-voltage DC mechanical circuit breakers urgently need to address the contradictions between high voltage and few poles, large capacity and miniaturization, as well as long service life and intense arc conditions, among others. Solid state circuit breakers have the characteristics of arc-free operation and ultrafast interruption, while hybrid circuit breakers combine large-capacity fault interruption with selective protection capability. However, they also pose challenges in thermal management and mechanical-electronic coordination. Integrated design, limit-optimized design, and operational condition monitoring represent critical development directions for low-voltage DC interruption technologies.