不同负载尺寸下水中铜丝电爆炸特性的实验研究

Underwater electrical wire explosion (UEWE) is an effective way to obtain strong underwater shock wave (SW), which has important application prospects in fields such as hydroelectric forming, unconventional natural gas exploitation and so on. Based on the experimental platform of UEWE, the effects of the diameter and length of wire in a wide range on the electricity characteristics and the SW characteristics of underwater electrical explosion of a Cu wire were studied under the condition that the energy storage of the system was constant. Furthermore,the wire sizes for this mode under different loop inductances and initial energy storage were studied, and the empirical formula of this mode was analyzed and modified based on the experiment data. The experimental results show that the variations of wire diameter and length will obviously affect the resistance of the wire after vaporization,thus the different discharge modes occur in the electrical wire explosion. Among these modes, the matched discharge mode can obtain almost the highest energy deposit efficiency and SW peak pressure in near-field region, and the wire size corresponding to this mode under certain circuit parameters is unique. The SW wave front produced by UEWE will transit from a cylinder surface (near field) to a sphere surface (far filed) during propagation, and the SW peak pressure is approximately a constant power attenuation of radial distance. The shock waves generated by different lengths of wire have different attenuation speeds with the propagation distance, and based on the experimental data, the empirical formula of the attenuation index was given.